Secure Neighborhood Creation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks using Hop Count Discrepancies

A fundamental requirement for nodes in ad hoc and sensor networks is the ability to correctly determine their neighborhood. Many applications, protocols, and network wide functions rely on correct neighborhood discovery. Malicious nodes that taint neighborhood information using wormholes can significantly disrupt the operation of ad hoc networks. Protocols that depend only on cryptographic techniques (e.g, authentication and encryption) may not be able to detect or prevent such attacks. In this paper we propose SECUND, a protocol for creating a SECUre NeighborhooD, that makes use of discrepancies in routing hop count information to detect “true” neighbors and remove those links to nodes that appear to be neighbors, but are not really neighbors. SECUND is simple, localized and needs no special hardware, localization, or synchronization. We evaluate SECUND using simulations and demonstrate its effectiveness in the presence of multiple and multi-ended wormholes. Lastly, This work was funded in part by the Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-07-1-0318. T. Hayajneh Department of Computer Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan e-mail: [email protected] P. Krishnamurthy (B) · D. Tipper · A. Le School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA e-mail: [email protected] D. Tipper e-mail: [email protected] A. Le e-mail: [email protected] we present approaches to improve the efficiency of the SECUND process.